Notes are Ruining my Life. Chapter 3- The Self and Perception

Chapter 3- The Self and Perception

Self-Concept: your image of who you are
-others' images of you
-comparisons with others
-cultural teachings
-self-evaluations

Self-Awareness: your knowledge of who you are
-Four Selves:
    a. Open
    b. Blind
    c. Unknown
    d. Hidden

Self-Esteem: measure of how valuable you think you are

Self-Disclosure: a type of communication where you reveal information about yourself that you normally keep hidden
-Rewards: self-knowledge, improved coping abilities, enhanced communication, meaningful relationships
-Dangers: personal risk, relationship risk, professional

Perception: the process by which you become aware of objects, events, and people through your senses.

Impression formation
Impression management

Short chapters are my favorite chapters...

Let's Try These Things Called Notes. Chapter 1- Preliminaries to Human Communication

Chapter 1- Preliminaries to Human Communication

Benefits and Forms
-Presentation Skills
-Relationship Skills
-Leadership Skills
-Critical and Creative Thinking Skills
-Interaction Skills

Forms:
-Intrapersonal: communicating with yourself
-Interpersonal: communicating with a few people
-Interviewing: proceeds by question and answer
-Small Group: 5-10 people
-Organizational: with an organizational group
-Public: speaker with an audience
-Computer: people via computer
-Mass: audio or visuals to a large audience

Elements: communication occurs when one person sends and receives messages that are distorted by noise, occur within a context, have effect, and provide opportunity for feedback.
-Physical 
-Social/Psychological
-Temporal
-Cultural

Messages
-metamessage
-feedback message
-feed forward message

Channels: the medium through which the message passes through

Noise: anything that interferes with your receiving a message
Effects:
-Intellectual
-Affective
-Psychomotor

Purpose:
-to learn
-to relate
-to help
-to influence
-to play

Communication is...
-A package of signals
-A process of adjustment
-Content and relationship dimensions
-Ambiguous
-Punctuated
-Inevitable, Irreversible, Unrepeatable

The Competent Communicator...
-Thinks critically and mindfully
-is culturally sensitive
-is ethical
-is an effective listener

First Impressions #gettinit

Hopefully these work? I wouldn't really ask me, I am the most awkward new person ever...

1. Eye Contact
2. Remember names and facts
3. Keep conversation going, and try to avoid awko-taco moments
4. Be prepared, and have an exit strategy
5. Be on time
6. Dress the part. SHOES MATTER <3
7. Be nice and courteous
8. Know what you're talking about
9. Act confident
10. Solid handshake
11. Be yourself
12. Honesty is always good. Don't lie to get ahead
13. Smile :)
14. Be interested and be interesting
15. Be willing to learn
16. Have manners- don't be on your phone constantly
17. Be calm
18. Don't be negative
19. Try not to be SUPER awkward
20. Don't brag
21. Don't talk too much- find balance
22. Body language
23. Strong Voice
24. Knowledge of topic
25. Don't rush conversation
26. Good hygiene. 

So, I think you should use some of these. They seem legit? #gettinit

Notes: EVERYBODY NOW! Chapter 6- Nonverbal Messages

I will be frank and just say that I am tired of these note things. However; I shall continue on.

Chapter 6: Nonverbal Messages
-messages without words: go figure...

Function of Nonverbal Communication
1. Integrating with verbal messages
2. Forming impressions
3. Defining Relationships
4. Structuring conversations
5. Influencing and Deceiving
6. Expressing emotions

Channels of Nonverbal Communication
-Body Communication: body language
-Facial Communication: facial expressions
-Eye Communication: eye contact
-Space Communication: distance and territory
-Artifactual Communication: hand gestures
-Touch Communication: I'm not touching you...

-Paralanguage: the vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech.
-Silence:
    a. to give time to think
    b to hurt
    c. to lessen anxiety
    d. to prevent communication
    e. to communicate emotions
-Time Communication
-Smell Communication

Culture applies to all of the Channels of Nonverbal Communication, as well as:
-Color
-Time

Well that's all folks.

Notes on Notes. Chapter 5- Verbal Messages

Here we are again...
Chapter 5: Verbal Messages

Verbal Messages: messages sent with words. Duh...

Principles of Verbal Messages
1. Meanings are in people
-Bypassing: the miscommunication pattern which occurs when the sender and the receiver miss each other with their meanings.
    a. Different words, same meaning
    b. Same words, different meaning
2. Language is Denotative and Connotative
-Snarl Words: highly negative connotation (Insults)
-Purr Words: high positive connotation (Compliments)
3. Meanings Depend on Context
-Cultural Context
The Principle of Cooperation
    a. The maxim of quality
    b. The maxim of relation
    c. The maxim of manner
    d. The maxim of quantity
The Principle of Peaceful Relations
    a. Primary goal is to maintain a peaceful and respectful relationship
The Principle of Face-Saving
    a. You should never embarrass anybody, especially in public.
The Principle of Self-Denigration
    a. Advises you to avoid taking credit for accomplishments in conversation. Don't brag.
-Gender Context
4. Messages Vary in Politeness
-Direct Messages: less polite and indirect messages.
-Indirect Messages: allow you to express a desire without offending anybody.
5. Messages Vary in Assertiveness
-Describe the problem.
-State how this problem affects you.
-Propose a solution.
-Confirm understanding.
6. Messages Can Deceive
-Lying: the act of sending messages with the intention of giving another person information you believe to be false.
    a. Pro-social Deception: To Achieve Some Good.
    b. Self-Enhancement Deception: To Make Yourself Look Good
    c. Selfish Deception: To Protect Yourself.
    d. Anti-Social Deception: To Harm Someone.
-Truth Bias: assuming somebody is telling the truth.
-Lie Bias: assuming somebody is lying.

Disconfirmation and Confirmation
-Disconfirmation: a communication pattern in which we ignore someone's presence as well as that person's messages.
-Rejection: disagreeing with the person, and not willing to accept what the other person is offering.
-Confirmation: the opposite of disconfirmation-acknowledging.
-Racism: negative attitudes and beliefs about certain races.
    a. Avoid derogatory terms
    b. Avoid stereotyping
    c. Don't refer to race when it is not necessary
    d. Avoid appointing problems to races
-Heterosexism: attitudes, behaviors, and language that disparage gay men and lesbians as well as a belief that all sexual behavior that is not heterosexual is unnatural and deserving of criticism.
-Ageism: prejudice against age.
-Sexism: prejudice against sexes.
Cultural Identifiers:
-Race and Nationality
-Affectional Orientations
-Age and Sex

-Intensional Orientation: the tendency to view people according to the way they're talked about.
-Extensional Orientation: the tendency to look first at the actual person and only afterwards look at their labels.
-Allness: forgetting that language symbolizes only a portion of reality.
-Fact-Inferences Confusion: barriers to clear thinking when inferences are treated as facts.
-Inferential Statement: statement made based on what you infer.
-Factual Statement: a statement you make based on what you observe.
-Static Evaluation: the tendency to retain evaluations without change while the reality to which they refer is changing.
-Indiscrimination: the failure to distinguish between similar but different people.
-Polarization: the tendency to look at the world in terms of opposites and to describe it in extremes.

Thank God that is finally over...

Note Taking at its Finest. Chaper 4- Listening in Human Communication

Chapter 4: Listening in Human Communication

Listening: the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages

Benefits:
-Listening: enables you to acquire knowledge of others, the world, and yourself.
-Relating: gain social acceptance and popularity.
-Influencing: can help you change attitudes and behaviors of others.
-Playing: can be enjoyable...maybe.
-Helping: vital in efforts to assist others.

The Listening Process:
Step 1: Receiving
Step 2: Understanding
Step 3: Remembering
Step 4: Evaluating
Step 5: Responding

Listening Barriers:
-Distractions: Physical and Mental
-Biases and Prejudices
-Lack of Appropriate Focus
-Premature Judgment

Styles of Effective Listening:
-Empathic and Objective Listening
-Nonjudgmental and Critical Listening
-Surface and Depth Listening
-Polite and Impolite Listening
-Active and Inactive Listening

Culture and Listening:
-Language and Speech
-Nonverbal Behaviors
-Feedback
-Credibility

Gender and Listening:
-Rapport and Report Talk
-Listening Cues
-Amount and Purposes of Listening

Chaper 2- Culture and Communication

1.      What is the difference between high-power distance cultures and low-power distance cultures?

High-power distance cultures are those in which there is a large gap in power between groups (Managers and workers). Low-power distance cultures are those in which there is little difference in the power between groups (men and women).

                        2. What is the difference between masculine and feminine culture?

           A masculine culture demonstrates qualities such as aggression, strength, and material success. A feminine culture represents modesty, relationship importance, the quality of life, and gentle nature.

                       

                        3. Give 3 examples of stereotypes that you see on an everyday basis.

                       

a)     A tattooed/pierced person must be a drug dealer, and cannot have intelligent or positive qualities. They are wild and scary…

                       

b)     Asian students are extremely intelligent and never do anything but study.

                       

c)     Blonde females are all unintelligent.

                       

                       

                        4. Name 5 reasons for the current cultural emphasis in communication today.

                       

a)     Demographic Changes

                       

b)     Cultural Sensitivity

                       

c)     Advances in Communication Technology

                       

d)     Politeness

                       

e)     Economic Interdependency

                       

                       

                        5. Give an example of a high-context situation.

                       

            This would be a situation where the group already knows information based on similarities or past experiences. On a volleyball team, without communicating it, everybody already knows not to get black-out drunk the night before a match. Nobody has to say it, it is assumed by all members.

                       

 

 

6. Name ten high ambiguity tolerant cultures (countries).


 

                        Singapore, Jamaica, Denmark, Sweden, Hong Kong, Ireland, Great Britain, Malaysia, India, and the Philippines.

                  


Creative Critical Thinking



1. Give an example of interpersonal communication.

Talking on the phone with you mom about the bad day that you had at school.

                       

2.      What is the difference between a high-context and a low-context culture?

High-context cultures are those in which much of the information communicated is through context, not verbally stated. Low-context cultures are those in which the information is verbally stated.

                       

3.      Name 5 of the ten high ambiguity tolerant cultures. (5 points)

Singapore, Jamaica, Denmark, Sweden, Hong Kong.

                       

4.      Give an example of a low-context situation.

When hiring a contractor for rebuilding a house, a contract is written and signed about what needs to be done and for how much money. It is written out.

                       

5.      Define Face Saving.

Maintaining a positive public self-image in the minds of others.

                       

6.      What is the importance of Culture in communication today?

If it impossible to communicate effectively without being aware of how culture influences human communication. Understanding that culture is a huge part of communicating at home, in the workplace, on a date is key.

                       

7.      What is the difference between sex and gender?

Sex is the biological and physiological qualities that characterize men and women.

Gender is the socially constructed role and behavior that society deems appropriate.

                       

8.  Give an example of a feminine culture.


Thailand

Culture Shock- Where am I?

Being immersed in a new culture can be an exciting new adventure, but also an intimidating one. A very cliché time for being thrown into a new culture is the college freshman experience. I would have to conclude that that would be my scariest culture shock, but more specifically mine was going into college volleyball as a freshman. In high school my senior year, I was a volleyball captain and a starting all-around player. I was considered a top-dog, a leader, and somebody the younger girls could look up to. I was recruited to play at a couple different universities, but ultimately I chose UW-Superior as my final choice. I wanted to go into college with confidence and maintain my court composure that I had in high school, but when I first arrived and was ready to play it was incredible at how different things were. Many of my new teammates had already known each other, so the concept of being lonely was an understatement for how I felt. I didn’t have a volleyball roommate, I only previously knew one girl on the team, I was a new freshman taking away a senior’s position, and I was away from home for the first time; this was all shocking. I knew I was no longer a part of high school volleyball, and this immersion was like throwing a cold bucket of water on my head. It would be impossible to not be aware of the culture change, but describing it is difficult. I felt as though I was starting over; what I did in high school no longer mattered, nobody cared. I cried every day for the first week, and then things started to get easier; I started to blend into the team culture. Spending so much time together during preseason creates close relationships and it makes the transition a lot easier. The most interesting thought about this is the idea that a 100 mile drive and one year difference can make a completely new experience for somebody! I must admit that I got over the culture shock fairly quickly, but it was definitely a readjustment in my life...that I had to go through all over again at St. Scholastica as a Junior transfer student. Aye aye aye, what have I gotten myself into??